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This electronic component, produced by the manufacturer "Synqor", performs the same function as "EMI Characteristics".


PQ48050HTA33NNS Datasheet PDF - Synqor

Part Number PQ48050HTA33NNS
Description EMI Characteristics
Manufacturers Synqor 
Logo Synqor Logo 


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EMI Characteristics
Application Note 00-08-02 Rev. 04 - 6/25/02
Summary:
This application note will give an overview of electromagnetic interfer-
ence (EMI), the appropriate standards and regulations, how these stan-
dards and regulations relate to dc/dc power modules, suggestions for
external filtering solutions, and suggested layout and grounding prac-
tices.
www.DataSheet4U1.c.o0m Introduction
Designing for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is one of the most difficult challenges for electronic system
designers. Almost all-electronic equipment is required to meet one or more EMC standards at the system or
product level. One of the most challenging subsystems when speaking about EMC is the power supply or in this
case the dc/dc power module. All modern dc/dc converters are composed of one or more switching stages
containing both pulsed voltages and currents, which generate a broad noise spectrum resulting in electromag-
netic interference (EMI).
This application note will give an overview of electromagnetic interference (EMI), the different standards and reg-
ulations, how these standards and regulations relate to dc/dc power modules, suggestions for external filtering
solutions, and suggested layout and grounding practices.
The first step in designing systems for EMI compliance is to understand that the different standards and regula-
tions do not directly apply to the dc/dc power module but to the overall system. Regardless, understanding and
minimizing the emissions emanating from the power module is a good beginning to EMI system compliance.
2.0 General Overview
Electromagnetic interference (more commonly known as EMI) refers to how different sets of electronic equipment
interact with each other, usually in a negative manner. The recent advances in semiconductor devices and large-
scale integration has dramatically reduced the size of electronic equipment while increasing the probability for
electromagnetic interference between the different systems and subsystems. Today's electronic designers must
make sure their solutions work in an environment of high EMI. It is not practical to ask new product designers
to test their equipment under all conditions and possible end-user configurations, therefore strict emissions regu-
lations have been established. In the United States the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates the
use of radio and wire communications. Part of its responsibility concerns the control of electromagnetic inter-
ference. The standards for the allowed levels of electromagnetic emissions are outlined in part 15 of the FCC
rules and regulations. These rules apply to almost all-electronic equipment. Under these rules, limits are placed
on the maximum allowable radiated emissions in the frequency range between 30 to 1000 MHz and on the
maximum allowable conducted emissions on the AC power line in the frequency range of 0.450 to 30 MHz.
Radiated Emissions
Radiated emissions refer to interference that is coupled through the air. It is the belief of the FCC that at fre-
quencies below 30 MHz the primary cause of EMI occurs by allowing RF to flow through the AC power lines
where it subsequently radiates into neighboring equipment (conducted emissions).
SynQor - Advancing the Power Curve 888-567-9596 www.synqor.com
Page 1

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PQ48050HTA33NNS equivalent
Application Note 00-08-02 Rev. 04
EMI Characteristics
Another standard that is sometimes relevant is the EN300 386-2. This standard is relevant only for telecommu-
nications equipment and it applies to equipment with either AC or DC power mains. For systems with DC input
mains the EN300 386-2 standard specifies levels identical to the one specified by CISPR Class A limits.
However, the EN300 386-2 standard extends to lower frequencies (20 kHz - 150 kHz). All of the SynQor
power modules operate with switching frequencies in excess of 150 kHz. Therefore, typical power modules do
not affect the low frequency emission levels of the system.
3.0 EMC For Power Modules
The first step in tackling the EMI problem is a thorough understanding of the requirements and how it relates to
your system. Remember, there are no conducted or radiated emission restrictions that apply to power modules
as a stand-alone product. Power modules are considered one of many components of modern telecom or com-
puter equipment. The requirements apply to the system. The end product must meet a set of conducted and radi-
ated emission levels that depends on the equipment usage and country into which it is being sold. Due to the
fact that EMI is a system level requirement, it is not practical nor economical for high-power modules to meet
www.DataSheet4Ue.icthomer the conducted and radiated limits as a stand-alone component. Most high-power modules supplied by
SynQor or any other manufacturer will probably not comply with the conducted and radiated limits specified by
the different standards without some effort in the design of the system to limit noise.
3.1 Conducted EMI
Most electronic equipment has only one interface with the power source. It is at this interface that the conduct-
ed emission standards apply. In most applications, power modules are usually isolated from the main power
source by EMI filters, circuit breakers, fuses, transient protection devices, DC/DC converters, and/or AC/DC
power converters. Therefore, in most applications the conducted emissions radiating from the power-module do
not appear directly at the power mains. It is very possible that the system will meet the conducted EMI limits
without any of the power modules meeting the EMC standard as a stand-alone component. Many systems will
meet all EMI standards by simply using a single EMI filter at the input of the power mains.
AC/DC and DC/DC converters by nature generate significant levels of both conducted and radiated noise.
Furthermore, if these noises are not suppressed close to the source, they can very easily couple to other areas
of the system, greatly
increasing the complexity
of the problem.
Vd = V1 - V2 = differential mode voltage component
Therefore, it is recom-
mended to have some
level of EMI suppression
local to each power mod-
ule.
Id = (I1 - I2) / 2 = differential mode current component
Vc = (V1 + V2) / 2 = common mode voltage component
Ic = I1 + I2 = common mode current component
Cs = effective parasitic capacitance between the dc/dc/ module
and the chassis ground
In order to better under-
stand the source of con-
ducted emissions, emis-
sions are generally classi-
fied as differential (sym-
metrical) or common
(asymmetrical) mode
noise. The definition of
common mode (CM) and
differential mode (DM)
voltages and currents is
illustrated in Figure 3.
DC-DC
Module
Ic/2
Ic/2
Cs
Ic
Id I1
I2
Id
+
Vd
-+
+ V1
V2 -
-
Figure 3: Definition of differential and common mode currents and voltages.
SynQor - Advancing the Power Curve 888-567-9596 www.synqor.com
Page 5


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